Alexander Hamilton and the establishment of industry

History proves that a connection of science and business fuels innovation, development, thereby strengthens economy. Alexander Hamilton (1755 - 1804), the United States first Secretary of Treasury, was a visionary politician who greatly supported the establishment of industry in the States. 

The city of Paterson was one of the first industrial cities in the United States. The manufacturers were using the energy of the Great Falls. Before electrical transmission lines were invented, transporting energy was a challenging task. How would one transport the energy of the waterfalls to the factories without electricity? The answer to that question required an open mind, creativity, courage, broad knowledge, the ability to convince others to accept an innovative idea, and perseverance. The combination of all these qualities was a foundation of the industrialization of the city of Paterson, and the phenomenal growth of the economy.

Alexander Hamilton statue, Great Falls National Historical Park
(photo by Anthony)

A sunspot

Sunspots are regions on the solar surface that appear dark because they are cooler than the surrounding photosphere, typically by about 1500 K (Sunspots)
 (photo done with a cellphone camera through Victor's telescope)

An image of the Sun

 

Thanks to Victor Davies, a member of the Amateur Astronomers Association of Princeton, this summer we had an opportunity to observe the Sun through a telescope (photos: above by Karen and below by Anthony)

Observing the Sun (2)

Solar-projection method
Do not watch the Sun directly through the telescope! Instead, observe it on a paper screen.

How Do Other Foreign Countries Deal the Daily Waste?

It is always beneficial to know how other foreign countries deal with the daily waste of materials differently. Probably individuals can get some insights, which could help them in promoting knowledge, skills and increasing the possibilities of how to reuse wasted things and to save more energy for the future. As most people know, in the education field, educators and students need a great amount and a variety of materials to make their teaching and learning more interesting and more creative. 

Canada is a good example of providing those used materials to teachers, students, and artists by the Artsjuncktion. According to Garnet (2014), the author of the article, “Recycling Material Culture”, “The Artsjunktion is a free service located in the downtown core of Toronto that accepts, sorts, and distributes all forms of material culture, providing an environmentally friendly source for art materials” (p. 2).  Actually, by the service of the Artsjunkson, schools saved the budgets of purchasing educational supplies for the art class (2014), and students learned how to save the resource by creatively using it. However, the Artsjunkson cannot handle all waste that people produce from everyday life.  

Sweden imports waste from European-neighbors as fuel to give a rich supply to the country-wide energy needs (The Swedish Recycling Revelation, 2015). Apparently, it is both a solution of saving energy and reducing waste to pollute the environment. Therefore, understanding disposing trash from a global view, individuals could really get a wider thought toward solving current environmental problems that are challenging humans.
Naomi (XN)
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References
Garnet, D. (2014). Recycling material culture: Environmentalism, free art supplies, and  Artsjunktion. International Journal of Education & the Arts, 15(2). Retrieved from http://www.ijea.org/v15n2/.
The Swedish Recycling Revelation. (2015). Retrieved June 9, 2016, from Swedish Institute: https://sweden.se/nature/the-swedish-recycling-revolution/ 

Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle

The question that many people may find themselves asking is why bother taking the time to recycle.  In this article, we will discuss the true meaning of recycling such as the how’s, whys, where the recycling goes and lastly how does the term “recycling” correlate to physics.   Recycling is the means of gathering items that can be thrown away but used to create new goods.  It is an essential element in progressing the environment and saving natural resources.  Some of the ways to promote recycling are to recycle at schools and businesses by recycling items into a specific container, recycle empty ink cartridges and cash for cans are just a few to mention. 

Recycling would cut down on the volume of the remains that go to disposal sites and the remainder of landfills would last longer.  The question in mind here is “why bother to recycle”. For starters, glass is made from all natural resources which can be reused for new glass.  It can also replace about 95% of the raw materials that is required to create new glass.  For example, recycling just 10 glass containers can save an adequate amount of energy to have a tv run for 2 hours.  For every 165 gallons of gas and the vitality to control a typical household is comparable to a ton of recycled paper; one ton also saves about 17 trees.  Also, according to the EPA, recycling paper causes 35% less water pollution and 74% less air pollution than making paper from raw materials.  Overall everyone can make a difference, let's use the 3 R’s- Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. 
Maria

Rainbow

 A rainbow visible on Garden State Parkway, NJ
(Photos by Sr. T.)